Progress on Water-Related Ecosystems
Protecting and restoring water-related ecosystems will mitigate and strengthen resilience to climate change. For instance, wetlands trap carbon from the atmosphere and protect coastal areas from storm surges and inland areas from both floods and droughts by retaining water.
- 4.37 % of the world’s water basins is experiencing rapid changes in the area covered by permanent surface waters (SDG 6 indicator 6.6.1, 2022)
Available time series: 2000-2022
Number of countries (and areas) reporting in the last five years: 231
Proportion of world population covered by reporting in the last five years:98%
Proportion of world land area covered by reporting in the last five years: 99%
Learn more about the indicator here
Read the latest progress report here
SDG target 6.6 is: ‘By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes.’
To track progress towards the target, indicator 6.6.1 tracks changes over time in water-related ecosystems such as lakes, rivers, wetlands and mangroves, with the help of earth observations.
Change in permanent surface water extent compared to baseline period 2000-2019, by country (data from ----) ©
In XX countries (and areas), representing XX% of global land area and XX% of global population, more than 10% of permanent lakes and rivers has been lost compared to the baseline period.
In XX countries (and areas), representing XX% of global land area and XX% of global population, more than 25% of permanent lakes and rivers has been lost compared to the baseline period.
Change in seasonal surface water extent compared to baseline period 2000-2019, by country (data from ----) ©
Increases in seasonal lakes and rivers can be a sign of floods. In XX countries (and areas), representing XX% of global land area and XX% of global population, seasonal lakes and rivers have increased by more than 100% compared to the baseline period.
Decreases in seasonal lakes and rivers can be a sign of droughts. In XX countries (and areas), representing XX% of global land area and XX% of global population, seasonal lakes and rivers have decreased by more than 10% compared to the baseline period.
Change in mangrove extent compared to 2000, by country (data from ----) ©
In XX countries (and areas), representing XX% of global land area and XX% of global population, more than 10% of mangroves has been lost since 2000.
Maximum and minimum river flow and change compared to baseline period 2000-2019, by region (data from XXXX)
Globally, the maximum river flow has increased with XX% and the minimum river flow has increased with XX%, compared to the baseline period.
Proportion of large lakes with high change in turbidity and trophic state compared to baseline period 2006-2020, by region (data from XXXX) ©
In the world there are XX large lakes that are monitored, of which XX% has a high increase in turbidity and XX% has a high increase in trophic state, compared to the baseline period. Turbidity and trophic state are signs of water pollution and overfertilization.
Proportion of important sites for biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type and region (data from 2021) ©
Source data indicator 6.6.1 Cambio en la extensión de los ecosistemas relacionados con el agua con el paso del tiempo
Country (or area), regional and world data for the latest year of reporting (data from 2017 - 2022):
Country (or area), region, world | Año | 6.6.1 Cambio en la extensión de los ecosistemas relacionados con el agua con el paso del tiempo | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surface water extent > Permanent | Surface water extent > Seasonal | |||||
Afganistán | 2017-2022 | 545.74 | 2086.86 | |||
Albania | 2017-2022 | 240.56 | 99.7 | |||
Alemania | 2022 | 3382.61 | 706.19 | |||
América Latina y el Caribe | 2020-2022 | 156314.54 | 137852.65 | -2.82 | ||
Andorra | 2017-2022 | 0.52 | 0.29 | |||
Angola | 2020-2022 | 590.27 | 4584.59 | -3.3 | ||
Anguila | 2020-2022 | 1.38 | 1.29 | -13.51 | ||
Antigua y Barbuda | 2020-2022 | 2.63 | 5.1 | 1.02 | ||
Arabia Saudita | 2020-2022 | 153.33 | 928.93 | -22.98 | ||
Argelia | 2017-2022 | 89.82 | 2050.79 | |||
Argentina | 2017-2022 | 25228.6 | 28440.44 | |||
Armenia | 2017-2022 | 1318.03 | 38.15 | |||
Aruba | 2020-2022 | 0.46 | 2.93 | -16.55 | ||
Asia Central y Meridional | 2020-2022 | 334282.22 | 176774.98 | -3.01 | ||
Asia Oriental y Sudoriental | 2020-2022 | 142443.08 | 151679.36 | -4.88 | ||
Australia | 2020-2022 | 4467.46 | 50627.04 | -4.54 | ||
Australia y Nueva Zelandia | 2020-2022 | 7761.31 | 51211.35 | -4.37 | ||
Austria | 2017-2022 | 554.32 | 99.5 | |||
Azerbaiyán | 2017-2022 | 78372.19 | 813.06 | |||
Bahamas | 2020-2022 | 1117.52 | 2031.23 | -8.81 | ||
Bahrein | 2020-2022 | 3.54 | 11.63 | -6.9 | ||
Bangladesh | 2020-2022 | 1633.2 | 16395.85 | 0.82 | ||
Barbados | 2020-2022 | 0.03 | 0.6 | 8.76 | ||
Belice | 2020-2022 | 303.01 | 283.06 | -3.7 | ||
Benin | 2020-2022 | 278.71 | 214.22 | -1.19 | ||
Bermudas | 2020-2022 | 1.15 | 0.46 | 0 | ||
Bhután | 2017-2022 | 75.03 | 64.56 | |||
Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de) | 2017-2022 | 9381.9 | 16810.59 | |||
Bosnia y Herzegovina | 2017-2022 | 98.96 | 90.54 | |||
Botswana | 2017-2022 | 229.17 | 4690.82 | |||
Brasil | 2020-2022 | 61477.08 | 43922.09 | -0.52 | ||
Brunei Darussalam | 2020-2022 | 19.25 | 23.93 | 0.3 | ||
Bulgaria | 2017-2022 | 415.52 | 143.52 | |||
Burkina Faso | 2017-2022 | 113.85 | 539.13 | |||
Burundi | 2017-2022 | 1943.97 | 26.36 | |||
Bélgica | 2017-2022 | 119.49 | 50.49 | |||
Cabo Verde | 2017-2022 | 6.74 | 28.03 | |||
Camboya | 2020-2022 | 3364.59 | 11703.66 | -3.04 | ||
Camerún | 2020-2022 | 784.86 | 1243.03 | 0.33 | ||
Canadá | 2022 | 916376.96 | 99000.95 | |||
Chad | 2017-2022 | 1648.75 | 3536.26 | |||
Chequia | 2017-2022 | 358.69 | 123.4 | |||
Chile | 2017-2022 | 11250.89 | 1864.08 | |||
China | 2020-2022 | 101750.7 | 81085.72 | -11.91 | ||
Chipre | 2017-2022 | 7.97 | 16.88 | |||
Colombia | 2020-2022 | 7157.32 | 7788.34 | -2.52 | ||
Comoras | 2020-2022 | 2.09 | 5.13 | 0.26 | ||
Congo | 2020-2022 | 1616.54 | 1070.68 | -0.33 | ||
Costa Rica | 2020-2022 | 44.87 | 130.72 | -2.18 | ||
Croacia | 2017-2022 | 222.42 | 200.19 | |||
Cuba | 2020-2022 | 1247.85 | 1301.8 | -7.51 | ||
Curaçao | 2020-2022 | 2.99 | 6.87 | -0.21 | ||
Côte d’Ivoire | 2020-2022 | 169.33 | 495.61 | -5.82 | ||
Dinamarca | 2017-2022 | 433.28 | 104.25 | |||
Djibouti | 2020-2022 | 131.14 | 349.1 | -15.61 | ||
Dominica | 2020-2022 | 0.01 | 0.56 | 10.91 | ||
Ecuador | 2020-2022 | 1746.43 | 1576.67 | -3.67 | ||
Egipto | 2020-2022 | 1966.72 | 2239.76 | -23.94 | ||
El Salvador | 2020-2022 | 161.36 | 60.39 | -0.88 | ||
Emiratos Árabes Unidos | 2020 | -1.82 | ||||
Eritrea | 2020-2022 | 66.83 | 290.44 | -16.55 | ||
Eslovaquia | 2017-2022 | 105.52 | 55.08 | |||
Eslovenia | 2017-2022 | 41.79 | 36.35 | |||
España | 2017-2022 | 594.42 | 1020.05 | |||
Estados Unidos de América | 2020-2022 | 252790.79 | 76485.51 | -2.95 | ||
Estonia | 2017-2022 | 2017.71 | 141.54 | |||
Eswatini | 2017-2022 | 7.44 | 13.08 | |||
Etiopía | 2017-2022 | 6551.11 | 2286.81 | |||
Federación de Rusia | 2017-2022 | 425203.6 | 176161.97 | |||
Fiji | 2020-2022 | 9.86 | 31.85 | 0.5 | ||
Filipinas | 2020-2022 | 2413.23 | 2017.98 | -2.71 | ||
Finlandia | 2022 | 22408.11 | 2123 | |||
Francia | 2017-2022 | 2535.62 | 1140.78 | |||
Gabón | 2020-2022 | 1582.02 | 646.97 | -0.71 | ||
Gambia | 2020-2022 | 102.76 | 155.07 | 0.33 | ||
Georgia | 2017-2022 | 231.19 | 153.22 | |||
Ghana | 2020-2022 | 220.84 | 621.82 | -0.64 | ||
Gibraltar | 2017-2022 | 0.04 | 0.06 | |||
Granada | 2020-2022 | 0.34 | 1.03 | -0.41 | ||
Grecia | 2017-2022 | 678.58 | 259.83 | |||
Groenlandia | 2017-2022 | 17315.94 | 1313.46 | |||
Guadalupe | 2020-2022 | 0.42 | 2.19 | 0.1 | ||
Guam | 2020-2022 | 0.62 | 0.75 | 0.73 | ||
Guatemala | 2020-2022 | 1070.86 | 340.15 | -0.14 | ||
Guayana Francesa | 2020-2022 | 53.97 | 97.49 | 5.93 | ||
Guernsey | 2017-2022 | 0.97 | 0.85 | |||
Guinea | 2020-2022 | 67.83 | 747.37 | -2.95 | ||
Guinea Ecuatorial | 2020-2022 | 19.46 | 29.02 | -0.15 | ||
Guinea-Bissau | 2020-2022 | 51.55 | 357.66 | -1.99 | ||
Guyana | 2020-2022 | 419.19 | 896.71 | -6.32 | ||
Haití | 2020-2022 | 166.27 | 79.25 | -7.67 | ||
Honduras | 2020-2022 | 478.48 | 556.42 | -2.97 | ||
Hong Kong (Región Administrativa Especial de China) | 2017-2022 | 18.12 | 20.88 | |||
Hungría | 2017-2022 | 1140.91 | 285.86 | |||
India | 2020-2022 | 8260.28 | 62015.23 | -1.78 | ||
Indonesia | 2020-2022 | 8730.55 | 12278.19 | -5.56 | ||
Iraq | 2017-2022 | 1963.15 | 6227.4 | |||
Irlanda | 2017-2022 | 897.73 | 165.73 | |||
Irán (República Islámica del) | 2020-2022 | 59506.34 | 12384.79 | -21.67 | ||
Isla Christmas | 2017-2022 | 0.01 | 0.4 | |||
Isla Norfolk | 2017-2022 | 0 | 0 | |||
Isla de Man | 2017-2022 | 0.72 | 1.04 | |||
Islandia | 2017-2022 | 1661.94 | 244.67 | |||
Islas Caimán | 2020-2022 | 3.66 | 6.21 | -4.17 | ||
Islas Cocos (Keeling) | 2017-2022 | 0 | 0 | |||
Islas Cook | 2020-2022 | 0.16 | 0.23 | 0 | ||
Islas Feroe | 2017-2022 | 10.57 | 6.73 | |||
Islas Georgias del Sur y Sandwich del Sur | 2017-2022 | 64.62 | 15.43 | |||
Islas Heard y McDonald | 2017-2022 | 0 | 0 | |||
Islas Malvinas (Falkland Islands) | 2017-2022 | 135.22 | 46.29 | |||
Islas Marianas del Norte | 2017-2022 | 2.02 | 3.57 | |||
Islas Marshall | 2020-2022 | 0.54 | 1.51 | 0 | ||
Islas Salomón | 2020-2022 | 127.2 | 25.1 | -0.15 | ||
Islas Svalbard y Jan Mayen | 2017-2022 | 200.2 | 13.46 | |||
Islas Turcas y Caicos | 2020-2022 | 17.47 | 28.38 | -21.06 | ||
Islas Vírgenes Británicas | 2020-2022 | 4.64 | 3.92 | 5.91 | ||
Islas Vírgenes de los Estados Unidos | 2020-2022 | 1.45 | 3.69 | -1.24 | ||
Islas Wallis y Futuna | 2020-2022 | 0.64 | 0.74 | 0 | ||
Islas Åland | 2022 | 25.98 | 10.73 | |||
Israel | 2017-2022 | 451.4 | 52.28 | |||
Italia | 2017-2022 | 1949.36 | 838.36 | |||
Jamaica | 2020-2022 | 10.96 | 19.23 | -5.74 | ||
Japón | 2020-2022 | 1589.11 | 1091 | -0.47 | ||
Jersey | 2017-2022 | 0.55 | 0.48 | |||
Jordania | 2017-2022 | 435.81 | 111.65 | |||
Kazajstán | 2017-2022 | 155466.99 | 50253.53 | |||
Kenya | 2020-2022 | 7913.86 | 777.48 | -1.02 | ||
Kirguistán | 2017-2022 | 6977.32 | 387.61 | |||
Kiribati | 2020-2022 | 0.94 | 2.07 | 0 | ||
Kuwait | 2017-2022 | 26.16 | 179.7 | |||
Lesotho | 2017-2022 | 7.2 | 42.34 | |||
Letonia | 2017-2022 | 790.47 | 341.71 | |||
Liberia | 2020-2022 | 21.6 | 108.06 | -1.85 | ||
Libia | 2017-2022 | 43.45 | 542.64 | |||
Liechtenstein | 2017-2022 | 0.77 | 0.24 | |||
Lituania | 2017-2022 | 860.7 | 290.01 | |||
Luxemburgo | 2017-2022 | 2.81 | 1.84 | |||
Líbano | 2017-2022 | 2.21 | 8.43 | |||
Macedonia del Norte | 2017-2022 | 456.12 | 16.91 | |||
Madagascar | 2020-2022 | 1816.3 | 4408.53 | -1.8 | ||
Malasia | 2020-2022 | 714.64 | 1137.31 | -1.3 | ||
Malawi | 2017-2022 | 23500.4 | 651.45 | |||
Maldivas | 2020 | 0 | ||||
Malta | 2017-2022 | 0.2 | 0.84 | |||
Malí | 2017-2022 | 1006.16 | 7892.46 | |||
Marruecos | 2017-2022 | 135.94 | 288.63 | |||
Martinica | 2020-2022 | 0.79 | 1.65 | 1.02 | ||
Mauricio | 2020-2022 | 13.6 | 6.14 | -21.92 | ||
Mauritania | 2020-2022 | 71.92 | 1365.66 | 5.8 | ||
Mayotte | 2020-2022 | 1.41 | 1.23 | -0.11 | ||
Micronesia (Estados Federados de) | 2017-2022 | 2.18 | 2.12 | |||
Mongolia | 2017-2022 | 13861.4 | 3087.58 | |||
Montenegro | 2017-2022 | 18.81 | 75.98 | |||
Montserrat | 2017-2022 | 0.01 | 0.55 | |||
Mozambique | 2020-2022 | 8223.1 | 3030.7 | -4.99 | ||
Mundo | 2020-2022 | 2585526.57 | 990821.44 | -3.43 | ||
Myanmar | 2020-2022 | 3049.53 | 10797.43 | -6.63 | ||
México | 2020-2022 | 5729.74 | 11140.45 | -4.26 | ||
Mónaco | 2017-2022 | 0.08 | 0.05 | |||
Namibia | 2017-2022 | 287.35 | 4601.62 | |||
Nauru | 2017-2022 | 0.04 | 0.19 | |||
Nepal | 2017-2022 | 203.37 | 608.9 | |||
Nicaragua | 2020-2022 | 9326.12 | 750.3 | -2.06 | ||
Nigeria | 2020-2022 | 1663.91 | 5592.76 | -1.88 | ||
Niue | 2017-2022 | 0.11 | 0.01 | |||
Noruega | 2017-2022 | 12156.67 | 1329.07 | |||
Nueva Caledonia | 2020-2022 | 32.85 | 64.63 | 1.23 | ||
Nueva Zelandia | 2020-2022 | 3293.84 | 583.91 | 2 | ||
Níger | 2017-2022 | 302.83 | 1337.92 | |||
Oceanía (excepto Australia y Nueva Zelandia) | 2020-2022 | 2865.05 | 2242.58 | -0.72 | ||
Omán | 2020-2022 | 36.37 | 327.04 | -14.7 | ||
Pakistán | 2020-2022 | 2660.34 | 15286.49 | -17.21 | ||
Palau | 2020-2022 | 0.65 | 0.48 | 0.46 | ||
Panamá | 2020-2022 | 44.76 | 212.24 | -1.45 | ||
Papua Nueva Guinea | 2020-2022 | 2482.08 | 2066.46 | -1.07 | ||
Paraguay | 2017-2022 | 1335.99 | 2254.43 | |||
Perú | 2020-2022 | 11807.62 | 6773.76 | -3.2 | ||
Pitcairn | 2017-2022 | 0 | 0.1 | |||
Polinesia Francesa | 2020-2022 | 98.79 | 18.48 | 2.44 | ||
Polonia | 2017-2022 | 3109.1 | 882.1 | |||
Portugal | 2017-2022 | 187.41 | 198.05 | |||
Puerto Rico | 2020-2022 | 25.83 | 34.82 | -3.1 | ||
Qatar | 2020-2022 | 16.03 | 66.78 | 6.02 | ||
Región Administrativa Especial de Macao/Macao (China) | 2017-2022 | 1.35 | 1.72 | |||
Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte | 2017-2022 | 1823.55 | 432.49 | |||
República Centroafricana | 2017-2022 | 445.78 | 447.76 | |||
República Democrática Popular Lao | 2017-2022 | 1074.28 | 970.53 | |||
República Democrática del Congo | 2020-2022 | 35992.57 | 5374.98 | -0.49 | ||
República Dominicana | 2020-2022 | 387.09 | 124.35 | -2.33 | ||
República Popular Democrática de Corea | 2017-2022 | 523.46 | 844.47 | |||
República Unida de Tanzanía | 2020-2022 | 21613.33 | 4511.32 | -2.56 | ||
República de Corea | 2017-2022 | 464.72 | 663.32 | |||
República de Moldova | 2017-2022 | 236.1 | 122.48 | |||
República Árabe Siria | 2017-2022 | 350.36 | 595.29 | |||
Rumania | 2017-2022 | 1679.24 | 851.03 | |||
Rwanda | 2017-2022 | 1517.05 | 59.21 | |||
Saint Kitts y Nevis | 2020-2022 | 0.21 | 0.71 | 2.35 | ||
Samoa | 2020-2022 | 2.59 | 2.34 | -0.76 | ||
Samoa Americana | 2020-2022 | 0.45 | 0.74 | -1.68 | ||
San Marino | 2017-2022 | 0 | 0 | |||
San Martín (parte francesa) | 2020-2022 | 5.49 | 1.09 | -11.09 | ||
San Martín (parte holandesa) | 2020-2022 | 3.56 | 1 | 0 | ||
San Pedro y Miquelón | 2017-2022 | 4.78 | 1.32 | |||
San Vicente y las Granadinas | 2020-2022 | 0.24 | 1.07 | 1.17 | ||
Santa Elena | 2017-2022 | 0.2 | 0.4 | |||
Santa Lucía | 2020-2022 | 0.21 | 1.51 | -0.37 | ||
Santa Sede | 2017-2022 | 0 | 0 | |||
Santo Tomé y Príncipe | 2020-2022 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Senegal | 2020-2022 | 533.83 | 2048.8 | 0.29 | ||
Serbia | 2017-2022 | 417.67 | 186.54 | |||
Seychelles | 2020-2022 | 1.31 | 3.82 | -0.03 | ||
Sierra Leona | 2020-2022 | 77.22 | 381.51 | -4.46 | ||
Singapur | 2020-2022 | 9.94 | 16.68 | -13.17 | ||
Somalia | 2020-2022 | 94.3 | 710.1 | -4.47 | ||
Sri Lanka | 2020-2022 | 572.71 | 1063.67 | -23.15 | ||
Sudáfrica | 2020-2022 | 1362.51 | 1913.01 | 3.01 | ||
Sudán | 2020-2022 | 1268.15 | 1959.73 | -46.97 | ||
Sudán del Sur | 2017-2022 | 556.79 | 1817.93 | |||
Suiza | 2017-2022 | 1292.35 | 52.22 | |||
Suriname | 2020-2022 | 167.55 | 344.69 | 5.34 | ||
Sáhara Occidental | 2017-2022 | 14.07 | 134.75 | |||
Tailandia | 2020-2022 | 2232.88 | 8462.18 | -2.7 | ||
Tayikistán | 2017-2022 | 1169.58 | 640.45 | |||
Territorio Británico del Océano Índico | 2017 | |||||
Timor-Leste | 2020-2022 | 3.56 | 61.99 | 0.33 | ||
Togo | 2020-2022 | 10.55 | 78.96 | -7.06 | ||
Tokelau | 2017-2022 | 59.07 | 0.06 | |||
Tonga | 2020-2022 | 16.64 | 4.08 | -1.15 | ||
Trinidad y Tabago | 2020-2022 | 6.65 | 13.64 | -1.01 | ||
Turkmenistán | 2017-2022 | 88527.06 | 6817.62 | |||
Turquía | 2017-2022 | 7172.15 | 3164.17 | |||
Tuvalu | 2020-2022 | 0.1 | 0.11 | 0 | ||
Túnez | 2017-2022 | 86.73 | 1019.34 | |||
Ucrania | 2017-2022 | 3927.45 | 2266.88 | |||
Uganda | 2017-2022 | 7921.12 | 654.89 | |||
Uruguay | 2017-2022 | 878.87 | 1124.03 | |||
Uzbekistán | 2017-2022 | 8683.77 | 8768.52 | |||
Vanuatu | 2020-2022 | 27.51 | 16.96 | -2.43 | ||
Venezuela (República Bolivariana de) | 2020-2022 | 5041.78 | 8748.96 | -0.06 | ||
Viet Nam | 2020-2022 | 2621.76 | 17414.79 | -4.72 | ||
Yemen | 2020-2022 | 65.01 | 303.75 | -18.35 | ||
Zambia | 2017-2022 | 9106.48 | 7043.74 | |||
Zimbabwe | 2017-2022 | 406.29 | 519.95 | |||
África Septentrional y Asia Occidental | 2017-2022 | 94245.52 | 21395.71 | |||
África Subsahariana | 2020-2022 | 140659.28 | 77320.48 | -2.13 |