Progress on Water-Related Ecosystems
Protecting and restoring water-related ecosystems will mitigate and strengthen resilience to climate change. For instance, wetlands trap carbon from the atmosphere and protect coastal areas from storm surges and inland areas from both floods and droughts by retaining water.
- 4.37 % of the world’s water basins is experiencing rapid changes in the area covered by permanent surface waters (SDG 6 indicator 6.6.1, 2022)
Available time series: 2000-2022
Number of countries (and areas) reporting in the last five years: 231
Proportion of world population covered by reporting in the last five years:98%
Proportion of world land area covered by reporting in the last five years: 99%
Learn more about the indicator here
Read the latest progress report here
SDG target 6.6 is: ‘By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes.’
To track progress towards the target, indicator 6.6.1 tracks changes over time in water-related ecosystems such as lakes, rivers, wetlands and mangroves, with the help of earth observations.
Change in permanent surface water extent compared to baseline period 2000-2019, by country (data from ----) ©
In XX countries (and areas), representing XX% of global land area and XX% of global population, more than 10% of permanent lakes and rivers has been lost compared to the baseline period.
In XX countries (and areas), representing XX% of global land area and XX% of global population, more than 25% of permanent lakes and rivers has been lost compared to the baseline period.
Change in seasonal surface water extent compared to baseline period 2000-2019, by country (data from ----) ©
Increases in seasonal lakes and rivers can be a sign of floods. In XX countries (and areas), representing XX% of global land area and XX% of global population, seasonal lakes and rivers have increased by more than 100% compared to the baseline period.
Decreases in seasonal lakes and rivers can be a sign of droughts. In XX countries (and areas), representing XX% of global land area and XX% of global population, seasonal lakes and rivers have decreased by more than 10% compared to the baseline period.
Change in mangrove extent compared to 2000, by country (data from ----) ©
In XX countries (and areas), representing XX% of global land area and XX% of global population, more than 10% of mangroves has been lost since 2000.
Maximum and minimum river flow and change compared to baseline period 2000-2019, by region (data from XXXX)
Globally, the maximum river flow has increased with XX% and the minimum river flow has increased with XX%, compared to the baseline period.
Proportion of large lakes with high change in turbidity and trophic state compared to baseline period 2006-2020, by region (data from XXXX) ©
In the world there are XX large lakes that are monitored, of which XX% has a high increase in turbidity and XX% has a high increase in trophic state, compared to the baseline period. Turbidity and trophic state are signs of water pollution and overfertilization.
Proportion of important sites for biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type and region (data from 2021) ©
Country (or area), regional and world data for the latest year of reporting (data from 2017 - 2022):
Country (or area), region, world | Année | 6.6.1 Variation de l’étendue des écosystèmes liés à l’eau dans le temps | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surface water extent > Permanent | Surface water extent > Seasonal | |||||
Afghanistan | 2017-2022 | 545.74 | 2086.86 | |||
Afrique du Nord et Asie occidentale | 2017-2022 | 94245.52 | 21395.71 | |||
Afrique du Sud | 2020-2022 | 1362.51 | 1913.01 | 3.01 | ||
Afrique subsaharienne | 2020-2022 | 140659.28 | 77320.48 | -2.13 | ||
Albanie | 2017-2022 | 240.56 | 99.7 | |||
Algérie | 2017-2022 | 89.82 | 2050.79 | |||
Allemagne | 2022 | 3382.61 | 706.19 | |||
Amérique latine et Caraïbes | 2020-2022 | 156314.54 | 137852.65 | -2.82 | ||
Andorre | 2017-2022 | 0.52 | 0.29 | |||
Angola | 2020-2022 | 590.27 | 4584.59 | -3.3 | ||
Anguilla | 2020-2022 | 1.38 | 1.29 | -13.51 | ||
Antigua-et-Barbuda | 2020-2022 | 2.63 | 5.1 | 1.02 | ||
Arabie saoudite | 2020-2022 | 153.33 | 928.93 | -22.98 | ||
Argentine | 2017-2022 | 25228.6 | 28440.44 | |||
Arménie | 2017-2022 | 1318.03 | 38.15 | |||
Aruba | 2020-2022 | 0.46 | 2.93 | -16.55 | ||
Asie centrale et Asie du Sud | 2020-2022 | 334282.22 | 176774.98 | -3.01 | ||
Asie de l’Est et Asie du Sud-Est | 2020-2022 | 142443.08 | 151679.36 | -4.88 | ||
Australie | 2020-2022 | 4467.46 | 50627.04 | -4.54 | ||
Australie et Nouvelle-Zélande | 2020-2022 | 7761.31 | 51211.35 | -4.37 | ||
Autriche | 2017-2022 | 554.32 | 99.5 | |||
Azerbaïdjan | 2017-2022 | 78372.19 | 813.06 | |||
Bahamas | 2020-2022 | 1117.52 | 2031.23 | -8.81 | ||
Bahreïn | 2020-2022 | 3.54 | 11.63 | -6.9 | ||
Bangladesh | 2020-2022 | 1633.2 | 16395.85 | 0.82 | ||
Barbade | 2020-2022 | 0.03 | 0.6 | 8.76 | ||
Belgique | 2017-2022 | 119.49 | 50.49 | |||
Belize | 2020-2022 | 303.01 | 283.06 | -3.7 | ||
Bermudes | 2020-2022 | 1.15 | 0.46 | 0 | ||
Bhoutan | 2017-2022 | 75.03 | 64.56 | |||
Bolivie (État plurinational de) | 2017-2022 | 9381.9 | 16810.59 | |||
Bosnie-Herzégovine | 2017-2022 | 98.96 | 90.54 | |||
Botswana | 2017-2022 | 229.17 | 4690.82 | |||
Brunéi Darussalam | 2020-2022 | 19.25 | 23.93 | 0.3 | ||
Brésil | 2020-2022 | 61477.08 | 43922.09 | -0.52 | ||
Bulgarie | 2017-2022 | 415.52 | 143.52 | |||
Burkina Faso | 2017-2022 | 113.85 | 539.13 | |||
Burundi | 2017-2022 | 1943.97 | 26.36 | |||
Bénin | 2020-2022 | 278.71 | 214.22 | -1.19 | ||
Cabo Verde | 2017-2022 | 6.74 | 28.03 | |||
Cambodge | 2020-2022 | 3364.59 | 11703.66 | -3.04 | ||
Cameroun | 2020-2022 | 784.86 | 1243.03 | 0.33 | ||
Canada | 2022 | 916376.96 | 99000.95 | |||
Chili | 2017-2022 | 11250.89 | 1864.08 | |||
Chine | 2020-2022 | 101750.7 | 81085.72 | -11.91 | ||
Chine, région administrative spéciale de Hong Kong | 2017-2022 | 18.12 | 20.88 | |||
Chine, région administrative spéciale de Macao | 2017-2022 | 1.35 | 1.72 | |||
Chypre | 2017-2022 | 7.97 | 16.88 | |||
Colombie | 2020-2022 | 7157.32 | 7788.34 | -2.52 | ||
Comores | 2020-2022 | 2.09 | 5.13 | 0.26 | ||
Congo | 2020-2022 | 1616.54 | 1070.68 | -0.33 | ||
Costa Rica | 2020-2022 | 44.87 | 130.72 | -2.18 | ||
Croatie | 2017-2022 | 222.42 | 200.19 | |||
Cuba | 2020-2022 | 1247.85 | 1301.8 | -7.51 | ||
Curaçao | 2020-2022 | 2.99 | 6.87 | -0.21 | ||
Côte d’Ivoire | 2020-2022 | 169.33 | 495.61 | -5.82 | ||
Danemark | 2017-2022 | 433.28 | 104.25 | |||
Djibouti | 2020-2022 | 131.14 | 349.1 | -15.61 | ||
Dominique | 2020-2022 | 0.01 | 0.56 | 10.91 | ||
El Salvador | 2020-2022 | 161.36 | 60.39 | -0.88 | ||
Espagne | 2017-2022 | 594.42 | 1020.05 | |||
Estonie | 2017-2022 | 2017.71 | 141.54 | |||
Eswatini | 2017-2022 | 7.44 | 13.08 | |||
Fidji | 2020-2022 | 9.86 | 31.85 | 0.5 | ||
Finlande | 2022 | 22408.11 | 2123 | |||
France | 2017-2022 | 2535.62 | 1140.78 | |||
Fédération de Russie | 2017-2022 | 425203.6 | 176161.97 | |||
Gabon | 2020-2022 | 1582.02 | 646.97 | -0.71 | ||
Gambie | 2020-2022 | 102.76 | 155.07 | 0.33 | ||
Ghana | 2020-2022 | 220.84 | 621.82 | -0.64 | ||
Gibraltar | 2017-2022 | 0.04 | 0.06 | |||
Grenade | 2020-2022 | 0.34 | 1.03 | -0.41 | ||
Groenland | 2017-2022 | 17315.94 | 1313.46 | |||
Grèce | 2017-2022 | 678.58 | 259.83 | |||
Guadeloupe | 2020-2022 | 0.42 | 2.19 | 0.1 | ||
Guam | 2020-2022 | 0.62 | 0.75 | 0.73 | ||
Guatemala | 2020-2022 | 1070.86 | 340.15 | -0.14 | ||
Guernesey | 2017-2022 | 0.97 | 0.85 | |||
Guinée | 2020-2022 | 67.83 | 747.37 | -2.95 | ||
Guinée équatoriale | 2020-2022 | 19.46 | 29.02 | -0.15 | ||
Guinée-Bissau | 2020-2022 | 51.55 | 357.66 | -1.99 | ||
Guyana | 2020-2022 | 419.19 | 896.71 | -6.32 | ||
Guyane française | 2020-2022 | 53.97 | 97.49 | 5.93 | ||
Géorgie | 2017-2022 | 231.19 | 153.22 | |||
Géorgie du Sud-et-les Îles Sandwich du Sud | 2017-2022 | 64.62 | 15.43 | |||
Haïti | 2020-2022 | 166.27 | 79.25 | -7.67 | ||
Honduras | 2020-2022 | 478.48 | 556.42 | -2.97 | ||
Hongrie | 2017-2022 | 1140.91 | 285.86 | |||
Inde | 2020-2022 | 8260.28 | 62015.23 | -1.78 | ||
Indonésie | 2020-2022 | 8730.55 | 12278.19 | -5.56 | ||
Iran (République islamique d’) | 2020-2022 | 59506.34 | 12384.79 | -21.67 | ||
Iraq | 2017-2022 | 1963.15 | 6227.4 | |||
Irlande | 2017-2022 | 897.73 | 165.73 | |||
Islande | 2017-2022 | 1661.94 | 244.67 | |||
Israël | 2017-2022 | 451.4 | 52.28 | |||
Italie | 2017-2022 | 1949.36 | 838.36 | |||
Jamaïque | 2020-2022 | 10.96 | 19.23 | -5.74 | ||
Japon | 2020-2022 | 1589.11 | 1091 | -0.47 | ||
Jersey | 2017-2022 | 0.55 | 0.48 | |||
Jordanie | 2017-2022 | 435.81 | 111.65 | |||
Kazakhstan | 2017-2022 | 155466.99 | 50253.53 | |||
Kenya | 2020-2022 | 7913.86 | 777.48 | -1.02 | ||
Kirghizistan | 2017-2022 | 6977.32 | 387.61 | |||
Kiribati | 2020-2022 | 0.94 | 2.07 | 0 | ||
Koweït | 2017-2022 | 26.16 | 179.7 | |||
Lesotho | 2017-2022 | 7.2 | 42.34 | |||
Lettonie | 2017-2022 | 790.47 | 341.71 | |||
Liban | 2017-2022 | 2.21 | 8.43 | |||
Libye | 2017-2022 | 43.45 | 542.64 | |||
Libéria | 2020-2022 | 21.6 | 108.06 | -1.85 | ||
Liechtenstein | 2017-2022 | 0.77 | 0.24 | |||
Lituanie | 2017-2022 | 860.7 | 290.01 | |||
Luxembourg | 2017-2022 | 2.81 | 1.84 | |||
Macédoine du Nord | 2017-2022 | 456.12 | 16.91 | |||
Madagascar | 2020-2022 | 1816.3 | 4408.53 | -1.8 | ||
Malaisie | 2020-2022 | 714.64 | 1137.31 | -1.3 | ||
Malawi | 2017-2022 | 23500.4 | 651.45 | |||
Maldives | 2020 | 0 | ||||
Mali | 2017-2022 | 1006.16 | 7892.46 | |||
Malte | 2017-2022 | 0.2 | 0.84 | |||
Maroc | 2017-2022 | 135.94 | 288.63 | |||
Martinique | 2020-2022 | 0.79 | 1.65 | 1.02 | ||
Maurice | 2020-2022 | 13.6 | 6.14 | -21.92 | ||
Mauritanie | 2020-2022 | 71.92 | 1365.66 | 5.8 | ||
Mayotte | 2020-2022 | 1.41 | 1.23 | -0.11 | ||
Mexique | 2020-2022 | 5729.74 | 11140.45 | -4.26 | ||
Micronésie (États fédérés de) | 2017-2022 | 2.18 | 2.12 | |||
Monaco | 2017-2022 | 0.08 | 0.05 | |||
Monde | 2020-2022 | 2585526.57 | 990821.44 | -3.43 | ||
Mongolie | 2017-2022 | 13861.4 | 3087.58 | |||
Montserrat | 2017-2022 | 0.01 | 0.55 | |||
Monténégro | 2017-2022 | 18.81 | 75.98 | |||
Mozambique | 2020-2022 | 8223.1 | 3030.7 | -4.99 | ||
Myanmar | 2020-2022 | 3049.53 | 10797.43 | -6.63 | ||
Namibie | 2017-2022 | 287.35 | 4601.62 | |||
Nauru | 2017-2022 | 0.04 | 0.19 | |||
Nicaragua | 2020-2022 | 9326.12 | 750.3 | -2.06 | ||
Niger | 2017-2022 | 302.83 | 1337.92 | |||
Nigéria | 2020-2022 | 1663.91 | 5592.76 | -1.88 | ||
Nioué | 2017-2022 | 0.11 | 0.01 | |||
Norvège | 2017-2022 | 12156.67 | 1329.07 | |||
Nouvelle-Calédonie | 2020-2022 | 32.85 | 64.63 | 1.23 | ||
Nouvelle-Zélande | 2020-2022 | 3293.84 | 583.91 | 2 | ||
Népal | 2017-2022 | 203.37 | 608.9 | |||
Océanie (à l’exception de l’Australie et de la Nouvelle-Zélande) | 2020-2022 | 2865.05 | 2242.58 | -0.72 | ||
Oman | 2020-2022 | 36.37 | 327.04 | -14.7 | ||
Ouganda | 2017-2022 | 7921.12 | 654.89 | |||
Ouzbékistan | 2017-2022 | 8683.77 | 8768.52 | |||
Pakistan | 2020-2022 | 2660.34 | 15286.49 | -17.21 | ||
Palaos | 2020-2022 | 0.65 | 0.48 | 0.46 | ||
Panama | 2020-2022 | 44.76 | 212.24 | -1.45 | ||
Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée | 2020-2022 | 2482.08 | 2066.46 | -1.07 | ||
Paraguay | 2017-2022 | 1335.99 | 2254.43 | |||
Philippines | 2020-2022 | 2413.23 | 2017.98 | -2.71 | ||
Pitcairn | 2017-2022 | 0 | 0.1 | |||
Pologne | 2017-2022 | 3109.1 | 882.1 | |||
Polynésie française | 2020-2022 | 98.79 | 18.48 | 2.44 | ||
Porto Rico | 2020-2022 | 25.83 | 34.82 | -3.1 | ||
Portugal | 2017-2022 | 187.41 | 198.05 | |||
Pérou | 2020-2022 | 11807.62 | 6773.76 | -3.2 | ||
Qatar | 2020-2022 | 16.03 | 66.78 | 6.02 | ||
Roumanie | 2017-2022 | 1679.24 | 851.03 | |||
Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d’Irlande du Nord | 2017-2022 | 1823.55 | 432.49 | |||
Rwanda | 2017-2022 | 1517.05 | 59.21 | |||
République arabe syrienne | 2017-2022 | 350.36 | 595.29 | |||
République centrafricaine | 2017-2022 | 445.78 | 447.76 | |||
République de Corée | 2017-2022 | 464.72 | 663.32 | |||
République de Moldova | 2017-2022 | 236.1 | 122.48 | |||
République dominicaine | 2020-2022 | 387.09 | 124.35 | -2.33 | ||
République démocratique du Congo | 2020-2022 | 35992.57 | 5374.98 | -0.49 | ||
République démocratique populaire lao | 2017-2022 | 1074.28 | 970.53 | |||
République populaire démocratique de Corée | 2017-2022 | 523.46 | 844.47 | |||
République-Unie de Tanzanie | 2020-2022 | 21613.33 | 4511.32 | -2.56 | ||
Sahara occidental | 2017-2022 | 14.07 | 134.75 | |||
Saint-Kitts-et-Nevis | 2020-2022 | 0.21 | 0.71 | 2.35 | ||
Saint-Marin | 2017-2022 | 0 | 0 | |||
Saint-Martin (partie française) | 2020-2022 | 5.49 | 1.09 | -11.09 | ||
Saint-Martin (partie néerlandaise) | 2020-2022 | 3.56 | 1 | 0 | ||
Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon | 2017-2022 | 4.78 | 1.32 | |||
Saint-Siège | 2017-2022 | 0 | 0 | |||
Saint-Vincent-et-les Grenadines | 2020-2022 | 0.24 | 1.07 | 1.17 | ||
Sainte-Hélène | 2017-2022 | 0.2 | 0.4 | |||
Sainte-Lucie | 2020-2022 | 0.21 | 1.51 | -0.37 | ||
Samoa | 2020-2022 | 2.59 | 2.34 | -0.76 | ||
Samoa américaines | 2020-2022 | 0.45 | 0.74 | -1.68 | ||
Sao Tomé-et-Principe | 2020-2022 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Serbie | 2017-2022 | 417.67 | 186.54 | |||
Seychelles | 2020-2022 | 1.31 | 3.82 | -0.03 | ||
Sierra Leone | 2020-2022 | 77.22 | 381.51 | -4.46 | ||
Singapour | 2020-2022 | 9.94 | 16.68 | -13.17 | ||
Slovaquie | 2017-2022 | 105.52 | 55.08 | |||
Slovénie | 2017-2022 | 41.79 | 36.35 | |||
Somalie | 2020-2022 | 94.3 | 710.1 | -4.47 | ||
Soudan | 2020-2022 | 1268.15 | 1959.73 | -46.97 | ||
Soudan du Sud | 2017-2022 | 556.79 | 1817.93 | |||
Sri Lanka | 2020-2022 | 572.71 | 1063.67 | -23.15 | ||
Suisse | 2017-2022 | 1292.35 | 52.22 | |||
Suriname | 2020-2022 | 167.55 | 344.69 | 5.34 | ||
Sénégal | 2020-2022 | 533.83 | 2048.8 | 0.29 | ||
Tadjikistan | 2017-2022 | 1169.58 | 640.45 | |||
Tchad | 2017-2022 | 1648.75 | 3536.26 | |||
Tchéquie | 2017-2022 | 358.69 | 123.4 | |||
Territoire britannique de l’océan Indien | 2017 | |||||
Thaïlande | 2020-2022 | 2232.88 | 8462.18 | -2.7 | ||
Timor-Leste | 2020-2022 | 3.56 | 61.99 | 0.33 | ||
Togo | 2020-2022 | 10.55 | 78.96 | -7.06 | ||
Tokélaou | 2017-2022 | 59.07 | 0.06 | |||
Tonga | 2020-2022 | 16.64 | 4.08 | -1.15 | ||
Trinité-et-Tobago | 2020-2022 | 6.65 | 13.64 | -1.01 | ||
Tunisie | 2017-2022 | 86.73 | 1019.34 | |||
Turkménistan | 2017-2022 | 88527.06 | 6817.62 | |||
Turquie | 2017-2022 | 7172.15 | 3164.17 | |||
Tuvalu | 2020-2022 | 0.1 | 0.11 | 0 | ||
Ukraine | 2017-2022 | 3927.45 | 2266.88 | |||
Uruguay | 2017-2022 | 878.87 | 1124.03 | |||
Vanuatu | 2020-2022 | 27.51 | 16.96 | -2.43 | ||
Venezuela (République bolivarienne du) | 2020-2022 | 5041.78 | 8748.96 | -0.06 | ||
Viet Nam | 2020-2022 | 2621.76 | 17414.79 | -4.72 | ||
Yémen | 2020-2022 | 65.01 | 303.75 | -18.35 | ||
Zambie | 2017-2022 | 9106.48 | 7043.74 | |||
Zimbabwe | 2017-2022 | 406.29 | 519.95 | |||
Égypte | 2020-2022 | 1966.72 | 2239.76 | -23.94 | ||
Émirats arabes unis | 2020 | -1.82 | ||||
Équateur | 2020-2022 | 1746.43 | 1576.67 | -3.67 | ||
Érythrée | 2020-2022 | 66.83 | 290.44 | -16.55 | ||
États-Unis d’Amérique | 2020-2022 | 252790.79 | 76485.51 | -2.95 | ||
Éthiopie | 2017-2022 | 6551.11 | 2286.81 | |||
Île Christmas | 2017-2022 | 0.01 | 0.4 | |||
Île Heard-et-Îles MacDonald | 2017-2022 | 0 | 0 | |||
Île Norfolk | 2017-2022 | 0 | 0 | |||
Île de Man | 2017-2022 | 0.72 | 1.04 | |||
Îles Caïmanes | 2020-2022 | 3.66 | 6.21 | -4.17 | ||
Îles Cook | 2020-2022 | 0.16 | 0.23 | 0 | ||
Îles Falkland (Malvinas) | 2017-2022 | 135.22 | 46.29 | |||
Îles Féroé | 2017-2022 | 10.57 | 6.73 | |||
Îles Mariannes du Nord | 2017-2022 | 2.02 | 3.57 | |||
Îles Marshall | 2020-2022 | 0.54 | 1.51 | 0 | ||
Îles Salomon | 2020-2022 | 127.2 | 25.1 | -0.15 | ||
Îles Svalbard-et-Jan Mayen | 2017-2022 | 200.2 | 13.46 | |||
Îles Turques-et-Caïques | 2020-2022 | 17.47 | 28.38 | -21.06 | ||
Îles Vierges américaines | 2020-2022 | 1.45 | 3.69 | -1.24 | ||
Îles Vierges britanniques | 2020-2022 | 4.64 | 3.92 | 5.91 | ||
Îles Wallis-et-Futuna | 2020-2022 | 0.64 | 0.74 | 0 | ||
Îles des Cocos (Keeling) | 2017-2022 | 0 | 0 | |||
Îles d’Åland | 2022 | 25.98 | 10.73 |