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Progress on Water-Related Ecosystems

Protecting and restoring water-related ecosystems will mitigate and strengthen resilience to climate change. For instance, wetlands trap carbon from the atmosphere and protect coastal areas from storm surges and inland areas from both floods and droughts by retaining water.

  • 4 % of the world’s water basins is experiencing rapid changes in the area covered by permanent surface waters (SDG 6 indicator 6.6.1, 2022)

Available time series: 2000-2022
Number of countries (and areas) reporting in the last five years: 231
Proportion of world population covered by reporting in the last five years: 89%

Proportion of world land area covered by reporting in the last five years: 80%
Learn more about the indicator here 
Read the latest progress report here

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SDG target 6.6 is: ‘By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes.’

To track progress towards the target, indicator 6.6.1 tracks changes over time in water-related ecosystems such as lakes, rivers, wetlands and mangroves, with the help of earth observations.

Change in permanent surface water extent compared to baseline period 2000-2019, by country (data from ----) ©

In XX countries (and areas), representing XX% of global land area and XX% of global population, more than 10% of permanent lakes and rivers has been lost compared to the baseline period.

In XX countries (and areas), representing XX% of global land area and XX% of global population, more than 25% of permanent lakes and rivers has been lost compared to the baseline period.

Percentage change compared to baseline (%)
>28.13
13.58 - 28.13
6.54 - 13.58
0.38 - 6.54
<0.38
Data Not Available
Not Applicable

Change in seasonal surface water extent compared to baseline period 2000-2019, by country (data from ----) ©

Increases in seasonal lakes and rivers can be a sign of floods. In XX countries (and areas), representing XX% of global land area and XX% of global population, seasonal lakes and rivers have increased by more than 100% compared to the baseline period.

Decreases in seasonal lakes and rivers can be a sign of droughts. In XX countries (and areas), representing XX% of global land area and XX% of global population, seasonal lakes and rivers have decreased by more than 10% compared to the baseline period.

Percentage change compared to baseline (%)
>121.16
80.47 - 121.16
56.26 - 80.47
41.03 - 56.26
24.09 - 41.03
<24.09
Data Not Available
Not Applicable

Change in mangrove extent compared to 2000, by country (data from ----) ©

In XX countries (and areas), representing XX% of global land area and XX% of global population, more than 10% of mangroves has been lost since 2000.

Percentage change compared to baseline (%)
>0.29
-0.5 - 0.29
-2.39 - -0.5
-5.81 - -2.39
<-5.81
Data Not Available
Not Applicable

Maximum and minimum river flow and change compared to baseline period 2000-2019, by region (data from XXXX)

Globally, the maximum river flow has increased with XX% and the minimum river flow has increased with XX%, compared to the baseline period.

Proportion of large lakes with high change in turbidity and trophic state compared to baseline period 2006-2020, by region (data from XXXX) ©

In the world there are XX large lakes that are monitored, of which XX% has a high increase in turbidity and XX% has a high increase in trophic state, compared to the baseline period. Turbidity and trophic state are signs of water pollution and overfertilization.

15.1.2 Proportion of important sites for biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type and region (data from 2021) ©

Source data indicator 6.6.1 Variation de l’étendue des écosystèmes liés à l’eau dans le temps

Country (or area), regional and world data for the latest year of reporting (data from 2017 - 2022):

Pays (ou zone), région, mondeAnnée6.6.1 Variation de l’étendue des écosystèmes liés à l’eau dans le temps
Surface water extent > Permanent Surface water extent > Seasonal Inland vegetated wetland extent Mangrove extent
Afghanistan2017-2022545.742086.860.25
Afrique du Nord et Asie occidentale2017-202294245.5221395.710.41
Afrique du Sud2017-20221362.511913.010.53.01
Afrique subsaharienne2017-2022140659.2877320.483.35-2.13
Albanie2017-2022240.5699.70.19
Algérie2017-202289.822050.790.14
Allemagne20223382.61706.19
Amérique latine et Caraïbes2017-2022156314.54137852.653.46-2.82
Andorre2017-20220.520.290.88
Angola2017-2022590.274584.594.78-3.3
Anguilla2017-20221.381.291.07-13.51
Antigua-et-Barbuda2017-20222.635.10.921.02
Arabie saoudite2017-2022153.33928.930.01-22.98
Argentine2017-202225228.628440.444.38
Arménie2017-20221318.0338.150.09
Aruba2017-20220.462.930.24-16.55
Asie centrale et Asie du Sud2017-2022334282.22176774.982.4-3.01
Asie de l’Est et Asie du Sud-Est2017-2022142443.08151679.362.42-4.88
Australie2017-20224467.4650627.047.96-4.54
Australie et Nouvelle-Zélande2017-20227761.3151211.357.84-4.37
Autriche2017-2022554.3299.50.25
Azerbaïdjan2017-202278372.19813.060.26
Bahamas2017-20221117.522031.237.05-8.81
Bahreïn2017-20223.5411.630.19-6.9
Bangladesh2017-20221633.216395.8557.70.82
Barbade2017-20220.030.663.058.76
Belgique2017-2022119.4950.490.19
Belize2017-2022303.01283.067.69-3.7
Bermudes2017-20221.150.4600
Bhoutan2017-202275.0364.560.08
Bolivie (État plurinational de)2017-20229381.916810.596.49
Bosnie-Herzégovine2017-202298.9690.540.09
Botswana2017-2022229.174690.823.08
Brunéi Darussalam2017-202219.2523.933.250.3
Brésil2017-202261477.0843922.092.52-0.52
Bulgarie2017-2022415.52143.520.22
Burkina Faso2017-2022113.85539.131.12
Burundi2017-20221943.9726.360.91
Bénin2017-2022278.71214.223.01-1.19
Cabo Verde2017-20226.7428.030
Cambodge2017-20223364.5911703.6616.61-3.04
Cameroun2017-2022784.861243.032.910.33
Canada2022916376.9699000.95
Chili2017-202211250.891864.081.74
Chine2017-2022101750.781085.720.66-11.91
Chine, région administrative spéciale de Hong Kong2017-202218.1220.880.43
Chine, région administrative spéciale de Macao2017-20221.351.720.3
Chypre2017-20227.9716.880.78
Colombie2017-20227157.327788.345.1-2.52
Comores2017-20222.095.130.10.26
Congo2017-20221616.541070.6826.81-0.33
Costa Rica2017-202244.87130.720.76-2.18
Croatie2017-2022222.42200.190.33
Cuba2017-20221247.851301.82.9-7.51
Curaçao2020-20222.996.87-0.21
Côte d’Ivoire2017-2022169.33495.611.38-5.82
Danemark2017-2022433.28104.250.91
Djibouti2017-2022131.14349.10.18-15.61
Dominique2017-20220.010.560.4410.91
El Salvador2017-2022161.3660.390.32-0.88
Espagne2017-2022594.421020.050.21
Estonie2017-20222017.71141.544.23
Eswatini2017-20227.4413.080.93
Fidji2017-20229.8631.851.480.5
Finlande202222408.112123
France2017-20222535.621140.780.33
Fédération de Russie2017-2022425203.6176161.977.83
Gabon2017-20221582.02646.972.3-0.71
Gambie2017-2022102.76155.076.740.33
Ghana2017-2022220.84621.823.99-0.64
Gibraltar2017-20220.040.060
Grenade2017-20220.341.030.02-0.41
Groenland2017-202217315.941313.460.57
Grèce2017-2022678.58259.830.16
Guadeloupe2017-20220.422.190.880.1
Guam2017-20220.620.7513.730.73
Guatemala2017-20221070.86340.150.65-0.14
Guernesey2017-20220.970.850.14
Guinée2017-202267.83747.371.8-2.95
Guinée équatoriale2017-202219.4629.021.78-0.15
Guinée-Bissau2017-202251.55357.665.11-1.99
Guyana2017-2022419.19896.716.09-6.32
Guyane française2017-202253.9797.492.015.93
Géorgie2017-2022231.19153.220.13
Géorgie du Sud-et-les Îles Sandwich du Sud2017-202264.6215.430
Haïti2017-2022166.2779.251.64-7.67
Honduras2017-2022478.48556.424.24-2.97
Hongrie2017-20221140.91285.860.69
Inde2017-20228260.2862015.232.65-1.78
Indonésie2017-20228730.5512278.1910.27-5.56
Iran (République islamique d’)2017-202259506.3412384.790.5-21.67
Iraq2017-20221963.156227.40.86
Irlande2017-2022897.73165.734.94
Islande2017-20221661.94244.670.94
Israël2017-2022451.452.282.27
Italie2017-20221949.36838.360.31
Jamaïque2017-202210.9619.230.77-5.74
Japon2017-20221589.1110910.86-0.47
Jersey2017-20220.550.480.43
Jordanie2017-2022435.81111.650.07
Kazakhstan2017-2022155466.9950253.530.73
Kenya2017-20227913.86777.480.74-1.02
Kirghizistan2017-20226977.32387.610.16
Kiribati2017-20220.942.0700
Koweït2017-202226.16179.70.2
Lesotho2017-20227.242.340.01
Lettonie2017-2022790.47341.712.79
Liban2017-20222.218.431.11
Libye2017-202243.45542.640.06
Libéria2017-202221.6108.062.56-1.85
Liechtenstein2017-20220.770.240.97
Lituanie2017-2022860.7290.011
Luxembourg2017-20222.811.840.03
Macédoine du Nord2017-2022456.1216.910.22
Madagascar2017-20221816.34408.532.92-1.8
Malaisie2017-2022714.641137.311.95-1.3
Malawi2017-202223500.4651.452.07
Maldives20200
Mali2017-20221006.167892.461.53
Malte2017-20220.20.840
Maroc2017-2022135.94288.630.36
Martinique2017-20220.791.650.381.02
Maurice2017-202213.66.141.82-21.92
Mauritanie2017-202271.921365.660.225.8
Mayotte2017-20221.411.230.24-0.11
Mexique2017-20225729.7411140.451.46-4.26
Micronésie (États fédérés de)2017-20222.182.120
Monaco2017-20220.080.050
Monde2017-20222585526.57990821.444.37-3.43
Mongolie2017-202213861.43087.580.13
Montserrat2017-20220.010.550.63
Monténégro2017-202218.8175.980.52
Mozambique2017-20228223.13030.71.84-4.99
Myanmar2017-20223049.5310797.431.99-6.63
Namibie2017-2022287.354601.620.6
Nauru2017-20220.040.190
Nicaragua2017-20229326.12750.34.77-2.06
Niger2017-2022302.831337.920.23
Nigéria2017-20221663.915592.764.63-1.88
Nioué2017-20220.110.010
Norvège2017-202212156.671329.072.75
Nouvelle-Calédonie2017-202232.8564.637.041.23
Nouvelle-Zélande2017-20223293.84583.914.382
Népal2017-2022203.37608.90.81
Océanie (à l’exception de l’Australie et de la Nouvelle-Zélande)2017-20222865.052242.5812.83-0.72
Oman2017-202236.37327.040.02-14.7
Ouganda2017-20227921.12654.893.26
Ouzbékistan2017-20228683.778768.521.77
Pakistan2017-20222660.3415286.495.54-17.21
Palaos2017-20220.650.4800.46
Panama2017-202244.76212.240.73-1.45
Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée2017-20222482.082066.4614.45-1.07
Paraguay2017-20221335.992254.438.8
Philippines2017-20222413.232017.983.46-2.71
Pitcairn2017-202200.10
Pologne2017-20223109.1882.10.68
Polynésie française2017-202298.7918.480.282.44
Porto Rico2017-202225.8334.820.13-3.1
Portugal2017-2022187.41198.050.26
Pérou2017-202211807.626773.762.98-3.2
Qatar2017-202216.0366.780.16.02
Roumanie2017-20221679.24851.031.45
Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d’Irlande du Nord2017-20221823.55432.495.58
Rwanda2017-20221517.0559.212.2
République arabe syrienne2017-2022350.36595.290.84
République centrafricaine2017-2022445.78447.760.88
République de Corée2017-2022464.72663.320.1
République de Moldova2017-2022236.1122.480.53
République dominicaine2017-2022387.09124.350.9-2.33
République démocratique du Congo2017-202235992.575374.9810.11-0.49
République démocratique populaire lao2017-20221074.28970.530.59
République populaire démocratique de Corée2017-2022523.46844.470.18
République-Unie de Tanzanie2017-202221613.334511.322.63-2.56
Sahara occidental2017-202214.07134.750.04
Saint-Kitts-et-Nevis2017-20220.210.7102.35
Saint-Marin2017-2022000
Saint-Martin (partie française)2020-20225.491.09-11.09
Saint-Martin (partie néerlandaise)2020-20223.5610
Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon2017-20224.781.3216.4
Saint-Siège2017-2022000
Saint-Vincent-et-les Grenadines2017-20220.241.070.081.17
Sainte-Hélène2017-20220.20.40.29
Sainte-Lucie2017-20220.211.510.02-0.37
Samoa2017-20222.592.340.16-0.76
Samoa américaines2017-20220.450.740.65-1.68
Sao Tomé-et-Principe2017-2022000.80
Serbie2017-2022417.67186.540.15
Seychelles2017-20221.313.8211.5-0.03
Sierra Leone2017-202277.22381.513.88-4.46
Singapour2017-20229.9416.682.26-13.17
Slovaquie2017-2022105.5255.080.15
Slovénie2017-202241.7936.350.18
Somalie2017-202294.3710.10.41-4.47
Soudan2017-20221268.151959.731.1-46.97
Soudan du Sud2017-2022556.791817.9321.22
Sri Lanka2017-2022572.711063.679.02-23.15
Suisse2017-20221292.3552.220.34
Suriname2017-2022167.55344.695.095.34
Sénégal2017-2022533.832048.81.490.29
Tadjikistan2017-20221169.58640.451.15
Tchad2017-20221648.753536.261.26
Tchéquie2017-2022358.69123.40.16
Territoire britannique de l’océan Indien201765.71
Thaïlande2017-20222232.888462.185.6-2.7
Timor-Leste2017-20223.5661.991.270.33
Togo2017-202210.5578.961.08-7.06
Tokélaou2017-202259.070.060
Tonga2017-202216.644.082.01-1.15
Trinité-et-Tobago2017-20226.6513.644.05-1.01
Tunisie2017-202286.731019.341.93
Turkménistan2017-202288527.066817.621.14
Turquie2017-20227172.153164.170.29
Tuvalu2017-20220.10.1100
Ukraine2017-20223927.452266.880.9
Uruguay2017-2022878.871124.031.58
Vanuatu2017-202227.5116.963.78-2.43
Venezuela (République bolivarienne du)2017-20225041.788748.968.82-0.06
Viet Nam2017-20222621.7617414.7912.56-4.72
Yémen2017-202265.01303.750.16-18.35
Zambie2017-20229106.487043.747.84
Zimbabwe2017-2022406.29519.950.56
Égypte2017-20221966.722239.762.43-23.94
Émirats arabes unis2017-20200.05-1.82
Équateur2017-20221746.431576.671.3-3.67
Érythrée2017-202266.83290.440.3-16.55
États-Unis d’Amérique2017-2022252790.7976485.517.4-2.95
Éthiopie2017-20226551.112286.812.83
Île Christmas2017-20220.010.40
Île Heard-et-Îles MacDonald2017-2022000
Île Norfolk2017-2022000
Île de Man2017-20220.721.042.19
Îles Caïmanes2017-20223.666.2113.44-4.17
Îles Cook2017-20220.160.2300
Îles Falkland (Malvinas)2017-2022135.2246.290.26
Îles Féroé2017-202210.576.730
Îles Mariannes du Nord2017-20222.023.572.76
Îles Marshall2017-20220.541.5100
Îles Salomon2017-2022127.225.16.52-0.15
Îles Svalbard-et-Jan Mayen2017-2022200.213.460.15
Îles Turques-et-Caïques2017-202217.4728.382.23-21.06
Îles Vierges américaines2017-20221.453.694.09-1.24
Îles Vierges britanniques2017-20224.643.9229.285.91
Îles Wallis-et-Futuna2017-20220.640.7400
Îles des Cocos (Keeling)2017-2022000
Îles d’Åland202225.9810.73