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Progress on Water-Related Ecosystems

Protecting and restoring water-related ecosystems will mitigate and strengthen resilience to climate change. For instance, wetlands trap carbon from the atmosphere and protect coastal areas from storm surges and inland areas from both floods and droughts by retaining water.

  • 4 % of the world’s water basins is experiencing rapid changes in the area covered by permanent surface waters (SDG 6 indicator 6.6.1, 2022)

Available time series: 2000-2022
Number of countries (and areas) reporting in the last five years: 231
Proportion of world population covered by reporting in the last five years: 89%

Proportion of world land area covered by reporting in the last five years: 80%
Learn more about the indicator here 
Read the latest progress report here

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SDG target 6.6 is: ‘By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes.’

To track progress towards the target, indicator 6.6.1 tracks changes over time in water-related ecosystems such as lakes, rivers, wetlands and mangroves, with the help of earth observations.

Change in permanent surface water extent compared to baseline period 2000-2019, by country (data from ----) ©

In XX countries (and areas), representing XX% of global land area and XX% of global population, more than 10% of permanent lakes and rivers has been lost compared to the baseline period.

In XX countries (and areas), representing XX% of global land area and XX% of global population, more than 25% of permanent lakes and rivers has been lost compared to the baseline period.

Percentage change compared to baseline (%)
>28.13
13.58 - 28.13
6.54 - 13.58
0.38 - 6.54
<0.38
Data Not Available
Not Applicable

Change in seasonal surface water extent compared to baseline period 2000-2019, by country (data from ----) ©

Increases in seasonal lakes and rivers can be a sign of floods. In XX countries (and areas), representing XX% of global land area and XX% of global population, seasonal lakes and rivers have increased by more than 100% compared to the baseline period.

Decreases in seasonal lakes and rivers can be a sign of droughts. In XX countries (and areas), representing XX% of global land area and XX% of global population, seasonal lakes and rivers have decreased by more than 10% compared to the baseline period.

Percentage change compared to baseline (%)
>121.16
80.47 - 121.16
56.26 - 80.47
41.03 - 56.26
24.09 - 41.03
<24.09
Data Not Available
Not Applicable

Change in mangrove extent compared to 2000, by country (data from ----) ©

In XX countries (and areas), representing XX% of global land area and XX% of global population, more than 10% of mangroves has been lost since 2000.

Percentage change compared to baseline (%)
>0.29
-0.5 - 0.29
-2.39 - -0.5
-5.81 - -2.39
<-5.81
Data Not Available
Not Applicable

Maximum and minimum river flow and change compared to baseline period 2000-2019, by region (data from XXXX)

Globally, the maximum river flow has increased with XX% and the minimum river flow has increased with XX%, compared to the baseline period.

Proportion of large lakes with high change in turbidity and trophic state compared to baseline period 2006-2020, by region (data from XXXX) ©

In the world there are XX large lakes that are monitored, of which XX% has a high increase in turbidity and XX% has a high increase in trophic state, compared to the baseline period. Turbidity and trophic state are signs of water pollution and overfertilization.

15.1.2 Proportion of important sites for biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type and region (data from 2021) ©

Source data indicator 6.6.1 与水有关的生态系统范围随时间的变化

Country (or area), regional and world data for the latest year of reporting (data from 2017 - 2022):

国家(或地区)、区域、世界年份6.6.1 与水有关的生态系统范围随时间的变化
Surface water extent > Permanent Surface water extent > Seasonal Inland vegetated wetland extent Mangrove extent
不丹2017-202275.0364.560.08
东亚和东南亚2017-2022142443.08151679.362.42-4.88
东帝汶2017-20223.5661.991.270.33
中亚和南亚2017-2022334282.22176774.982.4-3.01
中国2017-2022101750.781085.720.66-11.91
中国澳门特别行政区2017-20221.351.720.3
中国香港特别行政区2017-202218.1220.880.43
中非共和国2017-2022445.78447.760.88
丹麦2017-2022433.28104.250.91
乌克兰2017-20223927.452266.880.9
乌兹别克斯坦2017-20228683.778768.521.77
乌干达2017-20227921.12654.893.26
乌拉圭2017-2022878.871124.031.58
乍得2017-20221648.753536.261.26
也门2017-202265.01303.750.16-18.35
亚美尼亚2017-20221318.0338.150.09
以色列2017-2022451.452.282.27
伊拉克2017-20221963.156227.40.86
伊朗(伊斯兰共和国)2017-202259506.3412384.790.5-21.67
伯利兹2017-2022303.01283.067.69-3.7
佛得角2017-20226.7428.030
俄罗斯联邦2017-2022425203.6176161.977.83
保加利亚2017-2022415.52143.520.22
克罗地亚2017-2022222.42200.190.33
全球2017-20222585526.57990821.444.37-3.43
关岛2017-20220.620.7513.730.73
冈比亚2017-2022102.76155.076.740.33
冰岛2017-20221661.94244.670.94
几内亚2017-202267.83747.371.8-2.95
几内亚比绍2017-202251.55357.665.11-1.99
列支敦士登2017-20220.770.240.97
刚果2017-20221616.541070.6826.81-0.33
刚果民主共和国2017-202235992.575374.9810.11-0.49
利比亚2017-202243.45542.640.06
利比里亚2017-202221.6108.062.56-1.85
加拿大2022916376.9699000.95
加纳2017-2022220.84621.823.99-0.64
加蓬2017-20221582.02646.972.3-0.71
匈牙利2017-20221140.91285.860.69
北非和西亚2017-202294245.5221395.710.41
北马其顿2017-2022456.1216.910.22
北马里亚纳群岛2017-20222.023.572.76
南乔治亚岛和南桑威奇群岛2017-202264.6215.430
南苏丹2017-2022556.791817.9321.22
南非2017-20221362.511913.010.53.01
博茨瓦纳2017-2022229.174690.823.08
卡塔尔2017-202216.0366.780.16.02
卢旺达2017-20221517.0559.212.2
卢森堡2017-20222.811.840.03
印度2017-20228260.2862015.232.65-1.78
印度尼西亚2017-20228730.5512278.1910.27-5.56
危地马拉2017-20221070.86340.150.65-0.14
厄瓜多尔2017-20221746.431576.671.3-3.67
厄立特里亚2017-202266.83290.440.3-16.55
古巴2017-20221247.851301.82.9-7.51
吉尔吉斯斯坦2017-20226977.32387.610.16
吉布提2017-2022131.14349.10.18-15.61
哈萨克斯坦2017-2022155466.9950253.530.73
哥伦比亚2017-20227157.327788.345.1-2.52
哥斯达黎加2017-202244.87130.720.76-2.18
喀麦隆2017-2022784.861243.032.910.33
图瓦卢2017-20220.10.1100
土库曼斯坦2017-202288527.066817.621.14
土耳其2017-20227172.153164.170.29
圣卢西亚2017-20220.211.510.02-0.37
圣基茨和尼维斯2017-20220.210.7102.35
圣多美和普林西比2017-2022000.80
圣文森特和格林纳丁斯2017-20220.241.070.081.17
圣皮埃尔和密克隆群岛2017-20224.781.3216.4
圣诞岛2017-20220.010.40
圣赫勒拿2017-20220.20.40.29
圣马力诺2017-2022000
圭亚那2017-2022419.19896.716.09-6.32
坦桑尼亚联合共和国2017-202221613.334511.322.63-2.56
埃及2017-20221966.722239.762.43-23.94
埃塞俄比亚2017-20226551.112286.812.83
基里巴斯2017-20220.942.0700
塔吉克斯坦2017-20221169.58640.451.15
塞内加尔2017-2022533.832048.81.490.29
塞尔维亚2017-2022417.67186.540.15
塞拉利昂2017-202277.22381.513.88-4.46
塞浦路斯2017-20227.9716.880.78
塞舌尔2017-20221.313.8211.5-0.03
墨西哥2017-20225729.7411140.451.46-4.26
多哥2017-202210.5578.961.08-7.06
多米尼加2017-20220.010.560.4410.91
多米尼加共和国2017-2022387.09124.350.9-2.33
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2017-20221823.55432.495.58
大洋洲(不包括澳大利亚和新西兰)2017-20222865.052242.5812.83-0.72
奥兰群岛202225.9810.73
奥地利2017-2022554.3299.50.25
委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国2017-20225041.788748.968.82-0.06
孟加拉国2017-20221633.216395.8557.70.82
安哥拉2017-2022590.274584.594.78-3.3
安圭拉2017-20221.381.291.07-13.51
安提瓜和巴布达2017-20222.635.10.921.02
安道尔2017-20220.520.290.88
密克罗尼西亚联邦2017-20222.182.120
尼加拉瓜2017-20229326.12750.34.77-2.06
尼日利亚2017-20221663.915592.764.63-1.88
尼日尔2017-2022302.831337.920.23
尼泊尔2017-2022203.37608.90.81
巴哈马2017-20221117.522031.237.05-8.81
巴基斯坦2017-20222660.3415286.495.54-17.21
巴巴多斯2017-20220.030.663.058.76
巴布亚新几内亚2017-20222482.082066.4614.45-1.07
巴拉圭2017-20221335.992254.438.8
巴拿马2017-202244.76212.240.73-1.45
巴林2017-20223.5411.630.19-6.9
巴西2017-202261477.0843922.092.52-0.52
布基纳法索2017-2022113.85539.131.12
布隆迪2017-20221943.9726.360.91
希腊2017-2022678.58259.830.16
帕劳2017-20220.650.4800.46
库克群岛2017-20220.160.2300
库拉索2020-20222.996.87-0.21
开曼群岛2017-20223.666.2113.44-4.17
德国20223382.61706.19
意大利2017-20221949.36838.360.31
所罗门群岛2017-2022127.225.16.52-0.15
托克劳2017-202259.070.060
拉丁美洲和加勒比地区2017-2022156314.54137852.653.46-2.82
拉脱维亚2017-2022790.47341.712.79
挪威2017-202212156.671329.072.75
捷克2017-2022358.69123.40.16
摩尔多瓦共和国2017-2022236.1122.480.53
摩洛哥2017-2022135.94288.630.36
摩纳哥2017-20220.080.050
撒哈拉以南非洲地区2017-2022140659.2877320.483.35-2.13
教廷2017-2022000
文莱达鲁萨兰国2017-202219.2523.933.250.3
斐济2017-20229.8631.851.480.5
斯威士兰2017-20227.4413.080.93
斯洛伐克2017-2022105.5255.080.15
斯洛文尼亚2017-202241.7936.350.18
斯瓦尔巴和扬马延群岛2017-2022200.213.460.15
斯里兰卡2017-2022572.711063.679.02-23.15
新加坡2017-20229.9416.682.26-13.17
新喀里多尼亚2017-202232.8564.637.041.23
新西兰2017-20223293.84583.914.382
日本2017-20221589.1110910.86-0.47
智利2017-202211250.891864.081.74
朝鲜民主主义人民共和国2017-2022523.46844.470.18
柬埔寨2017-20223364.5911703.6616.61-3.04
根西岛2017-20220.970.850.14
格林纳达2017-20220.341.030.02-0.41
格陵兰2017-202217315.941313.460.57
格鲁吉亚2017-2022231.19153.220.13
比利时2017-2022119.4950.490.19
毛里塔尼亚2017-202271.921365.660.225.8
毛里求斯2017-202213.66.141.82-21.92
汤加2017-202216.644.082.01-1.15
沙特阿拉伯2017-2022153.33928.930.01-22.98
法国2017-20222535.621140.780.33
法属圣马丁岛2020-20225.491.09-11.09
法属圭亚那2017-202253.9797.492.015.93
法属波利尼西亚2017-202298.7918.480.282.44
法罗群岛2017-202210.576.730
波兰2017-20223109.1882.10.68
波多黎各2017-202225.8334.820.13-3.1
波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那2017-202298.9690.540.09
泰国2017-20222232.888462.185.6-2.7
泽西岛2017-20220.550.480.43
津巴布韦2017-2022406.29519.950.56
洪都拉斯2017-2022478.48556.424.24-2.97
海地2017-2022166.2779.251.64-7.67
澳大利亚2017-20224467.4650627.047.96-4.54
澳大利亚和新西兰2017-20227761.3151211.357.84-4.37
爱尔兰2017-2022897.73165.734.94
爱沙尼亚2017-20222017.71141.544.23
牙买加2017-202210.9619.230.77-5.74
特克斯和凯科斯群岛2017-202217.4728.382.23-21.06
特立尼达和多巴哥2017-20226.6513.644.05-1.01
玻利维亚(多民族国)2017-20229381.916810.596.49
瑙鲁2017-20220.040.190
瑞士2017-20221292.3552.220.34
瓜德罗普2017-20220.422.190.880.1
瓦利斯和富图纳群岛2017-20220.640.7400
瓦努阿图2017-202227.5116.963.78-2.43
百慕大2017-20221.150.4600
皮特凯恩2017-202200.10
直布罗陀2017-20220.040.060
福克兰群岛(马尔维纳斯群岛)2017-2022135.2246.290.26
科威特2017-202226.16179.70.2
科摩罗2017-20222.095.130.10.26
科特迪瓦2017-2022169.33495.611.38-5.82
科科斯(基林)群岛2017-2022000
秘鲁2017-202211807.626773.762.98-3.2
突尼斯2017-202286.731019.341.93
立陶宛2017-2022860.7290.011
索马里2017-202294.3710.10.41-4.47
约旦2017-2022435.81111.650.07
纳米比亚2017-2022287.354601.620.6
纽埃2017-20220.110.010
缅甸2017-20223049.5310797.431.99-6.63
罗马尼亚2017-20221679.24851.031.45
美国2017-2022252790.7976485.517.4-2.95
美属维尔京群岛2017-20221.453.694.09-1.24
美属萨摩亚2017-20220.450.740.65-1.68
老挝人民民主共和国2017-20221074.28970.530.59
肯尼亚2017-20227913.86777.480.74-1.02
芬兰202222408.112123
苏丹2017-20221268.151959.731.1-46.97
苏里南2017-2022167.55344.695.095.34
英属印度洋领地201765.71
英属维尔京群岛2017-20224.643.9229.285.91
荷属圣马丁岛2020-20223.5610
莫桑比克2017-20228223.13030.71.84-4.99
莱索托2017-20227.242.340.01
菲律宾2017-20222413.232017.983.46-2.71
萨尔瓦多2017-2022161.3660.390.32-0.88
萨摩亚2017-20222.592.340.16-0.76
葡萄牙2017-2022187.41198.050.26
蒙古2017-202213861.43087.580.13
蒙特塞拉特岛2017-20220.010.550.63
西撒哈拉2017-202214.07134.750.04
西班牙2017-2022594.421020.050.21
诺福克岛2017-2022000
贝宁2017-2022278.71214.223.01-1.19
赞比亚2017-20229106.487043.747.84
赤道几内亚2017-202219.4629.021.78-0.15
赫德和麦克唐纳群岛2017-2022000
越南2017-20222621.7617414.7912.56-4.72
阿塞拜疆2017-202278372.19813.060.26
阿富汗2017-2022545.742086.860.25
阿尔及利亚2017-202289.822050.790.14
阿尔巴尼亚2017-2022240.5699.70.19
阿拉伯叙利亚共和国2017-2022350.36595.290.84
阿拉伯联合酋长国2017-20200.05-1.82
阿曼2017-202236.37327.040.02-14.7
阿根廷2017-202225228.628440.444.38
阿鲁巴2017-20220.462.930.24-16.55
韩国2017-2022464.72663.320.1
马尔代夫20200
马恩岛2017-20220.721.042.19
马拉维2017-202223500.4651.452.07
马提尼克2017-20220.791.650.381.02
马来西亚2017-2022714.641137.311.95-1.3
马约特2017-20221.411.230.24-0.11
马绍尔群岛2017-20220.541.5100
马耳他2017-20220.20.840
马达加斯加2017-20221816.34408.532.92-1.8
马里2017-20221006.167892.461.53
黎巴嫩2017-20222.218.431.11
黑山2017-202218.8175.980.52